Permeation (Chemical) Grouting

Typical Solutions

Chemical grouting permeates pore spaces in granular soils with a low viscosity non-particulate grout, which hardens to create a cemented mass. Hayward Baker has designed and constructed chemical grouting solutions for small commercial to massive transportation projects.

  • Pre-drilling for the installation of sleeve port pipes for an urban tunneling project. The sleeve port pipes were required for permeation grouting.
  • Installation of the sleeve port pipes.
  • Chemical grouting from the surface for the break-ins and break-outs.
  • Injection of chemical permeation grouting using a computer automated I-Grout manifold.
  • The stations being prepped so we can perform chemical grouting inside the station.
  • Drilling through the wall to perform chemical grouting.
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Common Uses

  • Create barriers to groundwater flow
  • Underpin foundations
  • Provide excavation support
  • Stabilize soils for tunneling

Technical Details

Chemical grouting transforms granular soils into sandstone-like masses by filling the voids with a low viscosity, non-particulate grout. Sands with low fines content are best suited for this technique. Typically, a sleeve port pipe is first grouted into a pre-drilled hole. The chemical grout is injected under pressure through the ports. The grout permeates the soil and hardens, creating a sandstone-like mass. The grouted soil has increased strength, stiffness, and reduced permeability.

Chemical grouting offers the advantages of being easily performed where access and space is limited, and where no structural connection to the foundation being underpinned is required. A common application of chemical grouting is to provide both excavation support and underpinning of existing structures adjacent to an excavation. It can typically be accomplished without disrupting normal facility operations.

Chemical grouting equipment is suited for tunneling applications in urban environments, whether for stabilizing soil around break-ins or break-outs, or for mitigating settlement of overlying structures within the influence of the tunnel alignment.

Hayward Baker has developed proprietary equipment and software (iGroutTM) to allow real-time monitoring of all parameters during the chemical grouting process. The operator can adjust the parameters (such as mix type, flow rate, pressure, and volume limits) based on the real-time acquisition of drilling and grouting data, while simultaneously monitoring for any movements or deflections of the ground or nearby structures. Data collected during drilling and grouting is recorded on a server that produces grouting reports, as well as CAD drawings. Use of this advanced monitoring and control system increases accuracy, efficiency, and quality control of chemical grouting, while reducing risk.

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